British Literature Women Of Long Ago Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The star football member was going to be constrained off the crew in view of hapless scholarly classs. Hopelessly, the administrator moved toward the Dean of the school and swore on his honor that he would give the chap a closing test in one of his themes, and if the male youngster didn T base on balls he would take him from the crew in a flash. The dim before the enormous game the chief met with the male youngster to demonstrate him. What, asked the chief, is the name of the main recorded bit of British Literature? Mentor, answered the male kid, I wear t have the smallest idea. That s right! shouted the administrator, You wear t! Alright, you re in the get bringing down line-up tomorrow! This could be my story. I play sports-any game all games football, circles, baseball and so on. The possibility of my lolling British Literature appears to be hard for even me to accept. At the point when confronted with this task, I ended up in a little fear. In any case, causing me a deep sense of shock, it wasn t such awful. In going over the picks, I realized I needed to take to create about grown-up females, and their capacities in these accounts. The way that they were engaged with sex, fakeness, and criminal discussion had nil to make with my assurance. Furthermore, as Oscar Wilde stated, The universe is pressed with acceptable and detestable grown-up females. To cognize them is an in the middle of class guidance. I m doubtlessly a truster in that precept! All things considered, that s why I m in school. In get bringing down to investigate the capacity of grown-up females The Wife of Bath s Tale, by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Second Shepherd s Play, by Wakefield Master, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by Sir Gawain, one needs to take a gander at the stories. The Wife of Bath s, story is a concise Arthurian relationship coordinating the across the board subject of the disturbing woman. It is the story of a grown-up female as though by enchantment changed into a revolting structure who can be reestablished to her previous area only be some particular activity. It other than encapsulates some amazing traces of the proper custom, alongside The Second Shepherd s Play, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Every one of the three stories appear to embody the changing intensity of adoration for their work powers. In spite of the fact that they were are distinctive they all demonstrated the result of their adoration. That the genuine darling can non be defiled by covetousness ; love makes an appalling and inconsiderate individual brilliance with all magnificence. They realize how to indue with privileged even one of low birth. They can even bestow humbleness to the glad. Goodness, what a phenomenal thing love is which makes a grown-up male brilliance with such a significant number of virtuousnesss and which instructs everybody to have large amounts of good imposts. You see quickly in the story The Wife of Bath s Tale that it manages a lewd unmarried man of the male ruler s council who assaulted a youthful lady. He was taken and sentenced to expire ( such was the use so ) however the male ruler, in regard to Queen Guenevere s requests, permitted the women to pass judgment on him. They reveal to him he can rescue his life simply if a twelvemonth and a twenty-four hours in this way he can state them what it is that grown-up females most want. He meanders long without happening the answer ; he is going to return despondent when he happens upon an old and curiously appalling grown-up female. She says that on the off chance that he promised to make whatever she will next ask him, she will state him the answer. He concurs and comes back with answer: grown-up females most want to hold power over their hubbies. Guenevere and her women are flabbergasted ; they award him his life. The old grown-up female than makes her interest: that he wed her. She will acknowledge no less. On they re wedding dim ; he kills from her. She asks him what is the issue. He answers that she is old and terrible and lowborn. The old grown-up female exhibited to him that none of these undertaking especially baronial birth, since genuine gentilesse relies upon workss rather than birth. She offers him the pick: he can hold her old and terrible and dedicated or youthful, lovely, and perchance unchaste. He advises her to take ; he gives her the power. At the point when he does so she transforms into a lovely lady, and they live thereupon in impeccable bliss. That she so simply was thus yong therto, For joye he hente employ in his weaponries two ; His herte washed in a shower of blisse ; A 1000 clasp arewe he gan recruit kisse ( Chaucer 356 ) Even under the guideline of King Arthur and his courageous knights, grown-up females were at the leniency of work powers by holding the knight colza a youthful amah. Quickly however, the grown-up females start to weave in their precept. One in unconventional accomplishes all she needs through her pestering conduct. She shows the sovereign that she can obtain the male ruler to go forward the knight s life in her authorities. Further, the endeavor given the knight by the sovereign, to occur out What thing it is that grown-up females most desiren? Also, if that she be disturbing, thou saist that she Coveiteth each grown-up male that she may see ; For as a spaniel she wol on him lepe, Until that she finde som grown-up male recruit to chepe ( Chaucer 336 ) In declaring this purpose of pick and giving the womanpower, the wedded lady shows how the knight increases the two picks and both become glad. For by my trouthe, I wol be to you bothe This is to sayn, ye bothe jubilee and great Furthermore, she obeyed him in everything ( Chaucer 356 ) In The Second Shepherds Play, the account starts with three shepherds ( Coll, Gib, and Daw ) in a field kicking about the cool, income upgrades, and the unceremonious mediation they got from the gentry. These are corruptions that are near spot for the shepherds on the Yorkshire Moors. At last the main character, Mak, goes along professing to be a higher-class resident than he really is. The shepherds know Mak however. He has a notoriety as a typical stealer. The shepherds are drained and rests to kip however are careful about Mak and ask that he rest between them so he could non be up to anything. Before long they nod off and Mak ( infixing some rapscallion components ) throws a magic charm over the dozing shepherds that they may non wake up for some clasp. He so gets up and deals an irregular access memory from their herds and assumes it position to his wedded lady Gill. Great wedded lady, open the hek! Sees thou non what I bring? I may thole the camion the snek. Ok, come in, my sweeting! Yea, 1000 that non rek of my long standing By the exposed cervix craftsmanship 1000 like for to hing. Make way: I am commendable my meat ( Wakefield 470 ) They are hapless and mean to eat it. Gill rebukes him however and cautions him that this fiendishness will secure him slaughtered. She chooses a program to keep up the sheep canvassed in a support with the goal that when the shepherds come impugning Mak and searching for their sheep they will non happen it. Gill will fake to recover from childbearing and will hoax that the secured sheep is re4ally their infant kid. Mak loves this idea and comes back to the dozing shepherds to lie back between them as if nil has occurred. At the point when they showed up, Mak wakes to state them that he has imagined that his wedded lady Gill has brought forth a child. He whines how hapless they are and that his wedded lady is ever pregnant with another child. He leaves them to travel and help his wedded lady. The shepherds split up yet organize to run into again accordingly that evening. At the point when they do run into they understand a sheep has been taken and they speculate Mak. Meanwhile, Gill a nd Mak are fixing their system. Before long the shepherds show up at the house. Gill is moaning and Mak is faking to sing a cradlesong to the angel. The shepher Ds search the house happening no sheep and accepting that the angel under screen is genuinely a darling, they wish the family unit great and travel to go forward. . At the point when we had since quite a while ago rested, me thought with a gyn A fat sheep he caught, yet he made no boom. Thy dream makes thee woode: It is nevertheless spirit, by the roode, Presently God, go all to great, On the off chance that it be his will ( Wakefield 471 ) Daw comes back to give the darling a buss and when he lifts the screen he finds reality. Gill attempts to go on the lie by asserting that the child was attacked by faeries and transformed into a sheep. Mak demands it is his inheritor. At last trapped in the demonstration and told he ought to be hung and Gill consumed, Mak asks for like and guarantees neer to interrupt again. He says in the event that he does as such, so they can execute him. The shepherds end up simply fliping him in a spread. They instantly disregard Mak when a blessed messenger appears to them that dim, expressing them of the introduction of Christ. They visit Christ, and leave, sing vocals of congrats. That is loaded up with His elegance and have another happiness and expectation throughout everyday life. In The Second Shepherds Play, the start is truly dark, yet is offset by the idealistic stoping. The essayist s hole has the shepherds turn toing the blue clime, their need and their abusive mediation by the nobility. The conspicuous intention is to become familiar with the account of Christ s birth, and give out an away from of expectation. He attracts the customary medieval layman by turn toing evident advanced occupations. He so presents a stock interesting figure ( Mak ) to pass on entertaining lightening. By mocking the Christian account of the Nativity with the disgraceful methodology of the taken sheep in the support, the essayist can slide in a Christian message that the commonplace individual could comprehend. The simple of the taken sheep ( camouflaged as Mak s most recent inheritor ) lie in a support and the existent Lamb of God Born in a stable among creatures is self-evident. As it were, the way that the author reenacts the Nativity in the unbelievable technique with a typical stealer and his alcoholic wedded lady proposes the Christian impression that Christianity is for everyone especially

Threat to Personal Privacy Posed by the Emerging Networking

Question: Talk about theThreat to Personal Privacy Posed by the Emerging Networking. Answer: Presentation The data innovation have helped in improving the way of life of the individual on the planet. The utilization of the data innovation in the market have altered the mechanical parts of the person. There are different related with the protection of the data innovation. This report talks about the protection issues in the systems administration. There has been a legitimate examination of the dangers in the data proportion innovation on the systems. This report diagrams the fundamental dangers that are winning in the system. A legitimate assessment of the dangers has been done in the report. There are different proposal have been given that helps in moderating the difficulties in the system security. ID to issues The utilization of the web has expands the dangers to the protection of the individual information and data of the clients everywhere throughout the world [1]. Cybercriminals are making significant hazard the individual information d data of the clients. There are gas been numerous reports of the digital assaults on the planet that have caused information misfortune in the association and at individual level. Innovation with powerless security Numerous new advancements are discharged in the market in a regular schedule. Be that as it may, the security conventions of these gadgets and advancements are not all that great to forestall structure digital assaults on the planet [2]. The programmers taxi effectively break into these gadgets and penetrate all close to home data. Online networking assaults Programmers are currently centering in the web based life including the Facebook and Twitter. Numerous clients are sharing their own data over these online life sites [3]. This has been drawing in the programmers to assault their records and break their own information and data. Outsider section Security specialists have seen chance in cell phone security since the underlying of accessibility to Internet. Considering the lifestyle unbreakable reliance on cell phones and how little cybercriminals have concentrated on them, it makes a calamitous hazard [4]. Target is the perfect example of an essential framework assaults through outcast segment centers [5]. The overall retailer's HVAC trader were regrettable specialist whose capabilities were taken and used to take cash related instructive records for 70 million customers [6]. Absence of Encryption The need the encryption of information has been a significant reason for the digital assaults in the system. The information bundles should be scrambled during transmission. Guaranteeing touchy business data and still is measure couple of organizations by and by can't appear to get a handle on, regardless of its sufficiency [7]. The encoded from information and data in the system helps in keeping up the security of the information. The information parcels over the system are transmitted with encryption.[8]. Investigation The different digital assaults in the system has been making an extraordinary danger the security of the clients over the system. The need the security of the information and data over the system have caused digital assaults over the system. The security of the individual information over the system can be gotten to by utilizing the IP address of the client over the system. Information confirmation laws are in propel in all nations. The information standard shrouded these laws is the essential of taught consent for getting ready by the data subject [9]. These upgrades have on an extremely essential level changed acts of information advancement. Indeed, even inside the insightful research field, energy practices of making, submitting, examining and appropriating works, for instance, this one would be unimaginable without information advancement. Meanwhile, numerous social affairs bunch information about conveyances, makers, etc. This enables recommendations on which paper specialists should peruse, anyway meanwhile fabricates a nitty gritty profile of each individual scientist [10]. As system extends for getting to the information, it also for masters to act considering the new wellsprings of information. At the point when these sources contain individual information, dangers of harm, awkwardness, partition, and loss of independence easily rise [11]. Additionally, systems rather than customers may pick which information is appeared, as such opposing customers just with news that coordinates their profiles [12]. The need the security of the information and data over the system have caused digital assaults over the system. The security of the individual information over the system can be gotten to by utilizing the IP address of the client over the system. Proposals There are different strategies that helps in forestalling the individual information and data for hacking. The clients are prescribed not to share their own data over the web including web based life. The individual information and data incorporates contact number, address, age and banking data. These are not secure over the web. The utilization of a refreshed antivirus and firewall encourages in giving security to the framework. This forestalls infections and malwares from going into system of clients. Consequently, it forestalls structure the digital assaults over the web. End It very well may be inferred that the digital security over the system. Numerous new advances are discharged in the market in a regular schedule. The programmers can without much of a stretch penetrate into these gadgets and break all close to home data. There are different proposals given in the report to moderating the difficulties in the danger of the individual information and data. References [1] Cao, Ning, Cong Wang, Ming Li, Kui Ren, and Wenjing Lou. Protection saving multi-catchphrase positioned search over scrambled cloud data.IEEE Transactions on equal and conveyed systems25, no. 1 (2014): 222-233. [2] Li, Yibin, Wenyun Dai, Zhong Ming, and Meikang Qiu. Security assurance for forestalling information over-assortment in shrewd city.IEEE Transactions on Computers65, no. 5 (2016): 1339-1350. [3] Xia, Zhihua, Xinhui Wang, Xingming Sun, and Qian Wang. A protected and dynamic multi-watchword positioned search plot over scrambled cloud data.IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems27, no. 2 (2016): 340-352. [4] Hashem, Ibrahim Abaker Targio, Ibrar Yaqoob, Nor Badrul Anuar, Salimah Mokhtar, Abdullah Gani, and Samee Ullah Khan. The ascent of enormous information on distributed computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems47 (2015): 98-115. [5] Sicari, Sabrina, Alessandra Rizzardi, Luigi Alfredo Grieco, and Alberto Coen-Porisini. Security, protection and trust in Internet of Things: The street ahead.Computer Networks76 (2015): 146-164. [6] Aggarwal, Charu C., Naveen Ashish, and Amit Sheth. The web of things: A review from the information driven point of view. InManaging and mining sensor information, pp. 383-428. Springer US, 2013. [7] Perera, Charith, Rajiv Ranjan, Lizhe Wang, Samee U. Khan, and Albert Y. Zomaya. Enormous information protection in the web of things era.IT Professional17, no. 3 (2015): 32-39. [8] Roman, Rodrigo, Jianying Zhou, and Javier Lopez. On the highlights and difficulties of security and protection in conveyed web of things.Computer Networks57, no. 10 (2013): 2266-2279. [9] Fallahi, Amin, Xi Liu, Yuzhe Tang, Shuang Wang, and Rui Zhang. Towards Secure Public Directory for Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing. InDistributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on, pp. 2577-2578. IEEE, 2017. [10] Nandwani, Mona, and Rishabh Kaushal. Assessing User Vulnerability to Privacy Disclosures over Online Dating Platforms. InInternational Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 342-353. Springer, Cham, 2017. [11] Tso, Raylin, Abdulhameed Alelaiwi, Sk Md Mizanur Rahman, Mu-En Wu, and M. Shamim Hossain. Protection Preserving Data Communication Through Secure Multi-Party Computation in Healthcare Sensor Cloud.Journal of Signal Processing Systems89, no. 1 (2017): 51-59. [12] Gangadharan, Seeta Pea. The drawback of computerized consideration: Expectations and encounters of protection and reconnaissance among negligible Internet users.new media society19, no. 4 (2017): 597-615.

Top Secrets of How to Motivate Yourself to do Homework

Top Secrets of How to Motivate Yourself to do Homework Homework is one of the significant aspects of every student. In our academic life, we do plenty of homework. There is not a single student in the world who has never done any homework. Homework helps the students to clear all their doubts regarding their subjects. But nowadays there is not a single subject to study; there are lots of subjects for the students. Therefore they also get plenty amount of homework for different subjects. But now the question is, how can a student do all the homework in a short period? This question also emerges another question of how to motivate yourself to do homework. Nowadays, the students are looking to get a solid answer to their problems of how to do homework fast. We know that homework is not a fun activity for the students. It is hard for them to do their homework in a busy schedule. To do the homework, they need enough time and energy to do that much homework. But there are some useful tips and tricks that would help you to get a solid answer on how to do your homework fast. Let’s have a look at the key point that will help you to motivate yourself to do homework. How to Motivate Yourself to do Homework Summary How to Motivate Yourself to do Homework1. Make a List to Plan Your Homework2. Arrange All The Books and Supplies You Need3. Avoid Distractions and Find the Quiet Place4. Turn Off Your Phone5. Listen to Classical Music While Working6. Eat Snacks and Drink Water7. Take Short Breaks8. Set Goals and Reward YourselfConclusion 1. Make a List to Plan Your Homework Making a list is always a pre-plan of your homework is still beneficial for you. The reason is that making a plan will guide you to do your homework. In your plan, you should start creating a list to outline all your important tasks. Before making a list you have to figure out how much time you will take to complete your homework. You can estimate both the maximum and the minimum time. After that, you should list the various tasks that you would have to do. You should also divide the time to do each task. For this, you can estimate which task will take more time and which need less time. Making a list will help you to get started with doing your homework fast. You do not need to figure out what to do next after making a list because the list will guide you now. 2. Arrange All The Books and Supplies You Need We know that we can’t do homework without any books and supplies. Most of the students don’t give preference to arrange all the supplies and book before getting started with their homework. While you start writing your homework, you discover that you need a calculator, compass, books, pencils, paper and so on. It can be time consuming for you to arrange all these supplies at the moment you are writing the homework. You should arrange all these supplies before starting the homework. Every homework is different, and every homework needs different books and supplies. So make sure that you are organizing the relevant books and supplies to do the homework at the time. Don’t create the mess by arranging all the books and supplies of homework at once. It will help you to find the relevant answer of how to motivate yourself to do homework. 3. Avoid Distractions and Find the Quiet Place Most of the time, we don’t give value to the place where we are doing our homework. We should know that a quiet place will help you to do homework faster as compared with the place full of distractions. I have seen that most of the students do their homework in front of the TV. But you shouldn’t do the same because TV is the biggest distraction in the house. If you start doing your homework in front of the TV, then you will waste most of the time watching tv and doing less homework. Therefore your homework will take more time than it was expected to be done. Doing the work simultaneously always slow down the performance of the individuals. So all you need to do is find a quiet place where you can find less or no distractions. If you have a study room, then you should go there and start writing your homework. 4. Turn Off Your Phone Smartphones have changed our life completely. We cannot live a single minute or even second without our smartphones. Most of the people say that they can’t live without their smartphones. But do you know that smartphones consume your most valuable time? You can save your precious time by avoiding the use of smartphones for more than an hour or a couple of hours. Most of the students think that avoid phones is like putting your phone on the desk and then start writing your homework. But remember that putting your phone far away is not the perfect solution. You have to turn off your phone to stay focused on your homework. Because if you put your phone ways from you, then you might check for the notification at regular intervals, that is not good for you. Because it will distract your mind and you will require more time to get back to your work. 5. Listen to Classical Music While Working Classical music is not the preferred music for youngsters. But do you know that classical music is the best music to stay focused? You should play classical music for background audio. The music should not contain any lyrics and beats, and it should be sober music. A study has proven that the students score high in tests who listen to classical music as compared to the students who listen to pop and other genres of music. Let’s start finding some classical music on any preferred online music platform. 6. Eat Snacks and Drink Water Don’t compromise on your health while writing the homework. Health is wealth, the better you feel, the more productive you can be. It is common that when you involve in work for a long time. Then you may get mentally and physically tired. If you don’t get enough rest and start doing your homework. Then you may not get the desired result. You should hydrate your body and brain by drinking plenty of water. You should drink water and avoid soda, soft drinks or any other beverages that contained sugar. Apart from that, you should also eat some healthy snacks or baked snacks. It will help you to regain your energy level without wasting your time to eat food. 7. Take Short Breaks Most of the students don’t value the breaks. They don’t know how crucial the breaks can be for them. You should give the preference to the short breaks. Most of the homework takes hours and hours to be completed. Therefore the students feel pressure while doing their homework. It is often that the students don’t perform well under pressure. You should take a short break at regular intervals. In your breaks, you can do the stretch and walk around. These will help you to re-energize your mind and body to do some work in quick time. I would like to suggest that you should write the homework for half an hour then take a 5 minutes short break. While doing two or more homework in a single day then you should take a nap of 2 hours between the homework. 8. Set Goals and Reward Yourself While doing the homework, you should set small goals. We know that homework isn’t a fun activity. But setting up small goals will turn your homework into a fun activity. You can set the goals by splitting your homework into smaller parts and set goals for each part. You should also reward yourself while finishing every part. Our brain loves the rewards, and after getting the rewards, it works more efficiently and faster. The reward can be 10 minutes of video games, listen to your favourite music, eat your favourite dessert and so on. It will help you to get the best answer to how to get homework done fast. Apart from that, you will also get a solid answer on how to motivate yourself to do homework fast. Conclusion Now you may get the appropriate answer of how to do motivate yourself to do homework. In most of the cases, the students try to do the homework within a single night. If they follow all the tips mentioned above, then they will get the answer of how to finish homework fast late at night. So what are you waiting to follow all the tips and start getting the best response to the question, how to get homework done quickly. All these tips are proven and written by experts. You will see the difference between your performance and can be able to do more homework in less time. Get the best homework help from the leading homework helper around the world.

Essay on Basic Cultural Norms - 1198 Words

The discussion of culture and the aspects of individual cultures, the religious affiliations, world views, and groups that each culture prescribes to are as varied as the crystals of ice are in a snowflake. No one culture is exactly the same and no singular person of the culture is identical. However, basic cultural norms shape the behaviors and ideologies of those who identify with a specific culture. In the works of Nanda Warms â€Å"Cultural Anthropology†, (2011), culture is the road map for which individuals follow to provide an understanding of their social construct and provide the basis for meaning to their environment (p. 2). It is discussed that Ethnography is the manner in which the researcher observes cultural activities to gain†¦show more content†¦He is a tall man approximately six-foot-one, bald and very well dressed. In order to describe his physical appearance, I would relate him to the physical characteristics of Gru a character in the Disney Pix ar movie â€Å"Despicable Me† (2010), without the evil ideologies, displayed early in the movie. He loves children, is very open and friendly, he accepts people for who they are and is rarely judgmental. He is a gentle soul, who carries his emotions close to the surface, which is problematic in a cold world. Being Hispanic, he and his siblings were raised under a strict Catholic observance. Conversely, I am a white, Caucasian female of American dissent, while my ancestry can be traced back to Native American and German descent; I was raised as American with no cultural connection to either lineage. My family was Baptized Methodist; however, participation in religion was not mandatory. I am 43 years old, divorced and remarried to an African American male. I am a mother of two children, a boy and a girl, and I have four grandchildren of white Anglo-Saxon dissent. John has limited groups he with whom he feels comfortable being associated. As a strict Catholic, his self-identification with being Homo-sexual has been difficult. The emic, that is the practices and beliefs that impact a culture run in direct contradiction to his Catholic upbringing (p.2). His mother was his strongest advocate and his one solid supportShow MoreRelatedChild Labor As A Cultural Norm1251 Words   |  6 PagesEffect on Child, Causes, and Remedies to the Revolving Menace,† defines child labor as referring to â€Å"children who miss their childhood and are not able to have the basic amenities which a child should have.† There are many different reasons and causes for child labor. For some countries, child labor is considered to be a cultural norm. 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Hitler Blindfolded Germany Elie Wiesels Night Essay

Promises of honor and prosperity, blind folded Germany and granted Hitler the power to implement his Final Solution. The Holocaust ravaged Europe, hopelessly Jews were slaughtered and fed to the flames. In attempt to cheat death, Jews could hide among loyal neighbors or confront the horrors in a Concentration Camp and pray for liberation, either path was a perilous journey. Elie Wiesel endured years of starvation and oppression in Concentration Camps, while Bronia Beker was constantly on the run and hiding from the Nazis. The turmoil of war spreads to the quiet hometowns, family crisis and separation, and the the living conditions, define Elie and Bronia. Elie and Bronia’s unique perspectives of the Holocaust differ in the actual†¦show more content†¦Joseph and Bronia were liberated by the Russians in 1944, and were later married. Elie Wiesel, a pious boy, grew up in Sighet with his family until anti-Semitism imprisoned all Jews in ghettos skirted with barbed wir e. The Jews of his town, were upbeat and grateful, despite the hard times, to be together as a religious community. Bronia’s Polish hometown of Kosowa was also separated into ghettos. When the Nazis planned to liquidate the ghettos, Bronia’s family hid away in a small 12x6 foot underground room with a pipe installed for air circulation, in contrast Elie’s family marched from their home with a few souvenirs to a destination of unknown fate. Each families’ decision resulted in two extremely different experiences, in which both struggle to survive through starvation, persecution, mental and physical abuse. The Holocaust is infamous for tearing families apart. Elie and Bronia both suffered the same fate. Elie’s family was shipped to a concentration camp by the Nazis during the liquidation of Sighet, then the Jews were divided by gender. The women of Elie’s family were most likely murdered in a crematorium and Elie’s father died short ly before the Jews were liberated. In comparison to Elie, Bronia was separated from her family, when Nazis blocked the airway to their family’s underground hiding spot and Bronia was the lone survivor. She then

Battle of Frediericksburg Analysis Free Essays

The Battle of Fredericksburg David P. Wrighten, CPT, MS Class 09-002 Small Group 6, MAJ Sims 03 April 2009 Abstract In early December 1862, the Union Army of the Potomac had massed on the northern bank of the Rappahannock River as it was in position to strike the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. The Union also position themselves to cut off the Confederate Army’s main supply route for the import and export of goods in the south. We will write a custom essay sample on Battle of Frediericksburg Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia confronted the Union Army’s attempted strike on the south side of the Rappahannock by occupying the high ground overlooking the riverside town of Fredericksburg. Caught between the two opposing armies, Fredericksburg was destined to the battleground for a bloody prelude of major battles between the Union and Confederate armies in the open fields of the south. The Battle of Fredericksburg Introduction The Battle of Fredericksburg occurred on 11 December 1862 on the banks of the Rappahannock River near the small town of Fredericksburg, Virginia. Pitting three divisions of the Union Forces commanded by MG Edwin V. Sumner, MG Joseph Hooker, and MG William B. Franklin, approximately 120,000 Soldiers against the two Confederate Forces Corps of Northern Virginia commanded by LTG James Longstreet and LTG Thomas L. Jackson approximately 90,000 Soldiers. This battle emphasized the effective use of Weather, Maneuver, Observation Fields of Fire, Cover, and concealment, Obstacles, Key Terrain, and Avenues of Approach. The use of the Battlefield Operating Systems was instrumental in the success of the mission. The primary source used to gather information was, Decisive Battles of the Civil War: the Battle of Fredericksburg by LT. COL. Joseph B. MitchellDrama on the Rappahannock: the Fredericksburg Campaign by Edward J. Stackpole. Secondary sources used were The Battle of Fredericksburg a Special Edition of: Civil War Times by Edward J. Stackpole and Guide to the Battles of Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg by Jay Luvaas and Harold W. Nelson. Strategic Setting Fredericksburg, Virginia during the 1860s had developed into a family oriented community. This town happened to be the farthest point to navigate up the Rappahannock River. It was a very important site for trading for imported and exported goods. However, the larger, newer sailing vessels had difficulties in navigating the Rappahannock, which greatly hinder the international trade with other less modern customers of trade. This allowed members of Fredericksburg to live a more normal or less congested big city lifestyle. Militarily, this river is important for resupplying Soldiers critical supplies in order to fight effectively. The town of Fredericksburg changed hands many times throughout the war. Being located so closely to Richmond and Washington, it can greatly assist or resist in a potential attack on Richmond or Washington. In addition, this town could act as a staging area prior to launching an attack on the nation’s capital. Furthermore, four major battles fought within a seventeen-mile radius of Fredericksburg, Virginia. The major encounter during the Battle of Fredericksburg took place in Virginia. MG Ambrose Burnside’s Federal Army of the Potomac tried to countermine Gen Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia and capture Richmond. However, this would be a difficult task, since the Confederates were deeply entrenched into a defensive position west of town. Tactical Situation 1. Mission: Gen Burnside’s was to cross the Rappahannock River and seize the heights behind Fredericksburg, Virginia before Gen Lee’s army arrived. After seizing the town of Fredericksburg, the Army of the Potomac would then advance south to Richmond. In order to cross the Rappahannock Burnside had to build multiple bridges; for this purpose, support elements sent pontoon bridge equipment to Fredericksburg. The Union Forces arrived to the northern banks of the Rappahannock; there were no Confederate Forces in sight. It ould seem as if the advantage would be on the side of the Union Forces. 2. Equipment: Gen Hunt deployed riflemen to provide covering fire for the engineers at each end of the three construction points. He also possessed 147 artillery pieces to serve as the main deterrent to the Confederate Forces opposing the Union effort and accommodate a moderate logistics train. His ammo and other classes of supply were plentiful but the distance wou ld slowly cause these resources to erode. The Confederates had sufficient food and water, but other classes of supply were scarce, particularly their ammo. Many carried hunting rifles and shotguns of varying caliber. The Union Forces had a clear advantage. 3. Terrain: The city and its environs along the Rappahannock River in north-central Virginia were significant obstacles to Union advances on Richmond, the Confederate capital. The battlefield consists of a series of flood plains and river terraces with gentle slopes paralleled by north-south ridges that provide structural boundaries on either side, all comprised of Tertiary and Quaternary Coastal Plain sediments. The Confederates, led by Gen Robert E. Lee, effectively used natural terrain features to impede attacks made by the Union army. Tactical benefits also accrued by the Confederates from manufactured obstacles on the battlefield, e. g. , stone walls and fences. After crossing the Rappahannock River, the Union Army, had to attack uphill with little cover in their unsuccessful attempts to dislodge the Confederates. This gave the Confederate Forces the advantage against the Union strike. 4. Troops: Strategically the Union Forces had the advantage with the number of troops under Gen Burnsides command at nearly 120,000. The Confederate Forces had the advantage as having set up their defensive positions and direct access through their supply routes to their headquarters in Richmond, Virginia. The Confederate Forces did lack military training in the ranks as well as standard issue items that would help in the success of their campaign. The Union Forces had a clear advantage as far as personnel, but Confederate Forces had an advantage for their ability to resupply the units. 5. Time: This historic Fredericksburg Campaign planned and executed over a two-month period in November – December of 1862. This was during an extremely cold and harsh winter season. It reduced both the Union and Confederate forces from quiet movements, clear line of sight during pre-dawn hours (fog on the river), heavy snowfall, which restricted movements, thick terrain made of oak, maple, cedar, and highly thick entangled brush cause limited mobility, counter mobility and reduced eyes on the enemy. Therefore, even though the weather did not favor either side, it did not kept tactical goals of either side from being established. The Battle After, the Battle of Bull Run both armies devoted the second half of 1861 and part of 1862 to make serious adjustments for more important battles to come. Procurement of supplies, training, recruiting new soldiers, and other military activities was the primary training mission of both armies. Neither force was in any particular hurry to conduct an offensive operation. An impatient President waited in the White House to see how his popular commanding officer will retrain and utilize his powerful forces. Gen McClellan moved his forces in March 1862, via water, to the Virginia Peninsula between the York and James Rivers. The intent of this move was to take Richmond, Virginia. However, Johnston countered this plan by moving his Confederate soldiers overland in the same direction. Therefore, Gen Mc McClellan staged his troops at Fort Monroe. At the same time, Stonewall Jackson began his Shenandoah Valley Campaign, wounded in battle General Johnston was succeed by Robert E. Lee. On Oct. 6, the President instructed Gen McClellan to â€Å"cross the Potomac and give battle to the enemy, or drive him South. Your army must now move,† â€Å"he said, â€Å"while the roads are good. † Twenty-four days spent in correspondence before Gen McClellan obeyed the order of the president. Gen McClellan complained of a lack of men and supplies to make it prudent to move forward. At length, October had nearly passed by and Gen Lee’s army thoroughly rested and reorganized, and communications with Richmond re-established, the Army of the Potomac began to cross the river (Oct. 26), 100,000 strong. The Nationals led down the east side of the Blue Ridge, but failed to strike the retreating Confederates over the mountain in flank or to get ahead of them; and Gen Lee pushed Gen Longstreet’s troops over the Blue Ridge to Culpeper Courthouse, between the Army of the Potomac and Richmond, ready to dispute the advance of the Nationals. Quick and energetic movements were now necessary to sever and defeat, in detail, Gen Lee’s army. (See Map 1) On Nov. 75, the President relieved Gen McClellan of command, and Gen Burnside took command of the Corps. A sense of responsibility made the latter commander exceedingly cautious. Before he moved, he endeavored to get his 120,000 men well in hand. Gen Burnside determined Aquia Creek Landing as his resupply hub and main base for his assault. His overall decision was to, and he moved the army towards Fredericksburg down the Fredericksburg Route towards Fredericksburg. The allowed his forces to cover Washington and assure better protection of his lines of resupply and communication. Oon Nov. 150 Gen. Sumner led the movement from Warrenton down the left bank of the Rappahannock and covered almost 40 miles in two and one-half days to Falmouth. By November 21, Gen Longstreet’s Corps had arrived near Fredericksburg, and Gen Jackson’s (which had been downstream along the Rappahannock to prevent crossings there) was following rapidly. Gen Lee at first anticipated that he would fight Gen Burnside northwest of Fredericksburg and that it might be necessary to drop back behind the North Anna River. However, when he saw how slowly Gen Burnside was moving, he directed all of his army toward Fredericksburg. The first pontoon bridges arrived at Falmouth on November 25, much too late to enable the Army of the Potomac to cross the river without opposition. Gen Burnside still had an opportunity, however, because he was facing only half of Gen Lee’s army, not yet dug in, and if he acted quickly, he might be able to attack Longstreet and defeat him before Jackson arrived. Once again, he squandered his opportunity. The bridges arrived at the end of the month, and by this time, Gen Jackson was present and Gen Longstreet was preparing strong defenses. Gen Burnside originally plannedplanned to use Gen McClellan’s original plan of to crossing his army east of Fredericksburg; 10 miles (16 km) downstream at Skinker’s Neck, but Early’s division arrived there and blocked him. Therefore,So he Gen Burnside decided to cross directly at Fredericksburg. On December 9, he wrote to Halleck, â€Å"I think now the enemy will be more surprised by a crossing immediately in our front than any other part of the river. †¦ I’m convinced that a large force of the enemy is now concentrated at Port Royal, its left resting on Fredericksburg, which we hope to turn. † In addition to, his numerical advantage in troop strength, Gen Burnside also had the advantage of knowing his army could not be attacked effectively. On the other side of the Rappahannock, 220 artillery pieces had been located on the ridge known as Stafford Heights to prevent Gen Lee’s army from mounting any major counterattacks. (See Map 1) On the morning of December 11, Union Engineers began the construction of six pontoon bridges in preparation for the passage of Union Forces across the Rappahannock River. Two placed north of the Town Center, a third on the southern end of town, and three further south near the confluence of the Rappahannock and Deep Run. During the assembly of the pontoon bridges, Union Engineers came under punishing fire from the Confederate Forces primarily from the sharpshooters of the Mississippi Brigade commanded by Gen Barksdale. Gen Burnside. tThen ordered his Union artillery batteries then to shelled the city. The artillery fire lasted for an hour in terrific bombardment in hopes to drive the Confederate sharpshooters out of their positions. The bombardment failed to dampen the spirits of Barksdale’s sharpshooters, as soon as the artillery fire ceased the musketeers popped out of the holes and resumed firing. Thus, the first attempt to cross the river was a failure due to the Confederates’ fires on federal engineers constructing pontoon bridges on the river. Gen Burnsides’ staff immediately began mission analysis on another plan to cross the river. Gen Hunt suggested the only solution to cross the river are volunteers to cross by ferry rowing in pontoons to secure the opposite side of the river a lay suppressive fire on Confederate sharpshooters to cover the bridge layers. Because of a lack in confidence on his part, Gen BurnsideIf he was confident and swift in issuing was slow in issuing his tactical instructions,instructions; the Union Army of the Potomac may have caught the Confederates unready to defend their positions properly. In addition to the failure of the first attempt to cross, there wasAdditionally, a decrease in morale of the Union ForcesArmy of the Potomac and their senior commandeleadershipr due to the hesitation of Gen Burnsides decisionstheir overall commander on not just one critical occasion but several occasions. Other occasions of indecisiveness and lack of initiative in dealing with the blunder of getting the pontoons transferred from Washington also attributed to the decrease in morale of not only the Leadership leadership but also the Soldiers. Furthermore, the inability of Burnside to consider the advice advice, from Gen Halleck, was trying to give on where to cross the river showed the lack of communication from the field commander to Washington Headquarters. The Chief Engineer of the Army ordered his engineers in the following format (Stackpole, p122): (These were the actual orders that were issued) Engineers will place two pontoons bridges to be constructed at the site of old pontoon bridge, one of them to have approaches for artillery. One pontoon bridge at site of old canal-boat bridge; approaches for artillery. Additionally, we will place two pontoon bridges just below mouth of Deep Run, a mile below Fredericksburg one to have artillery approach. Major Spaulding to throw three uppe r ones: major Magruder to throw the next, and Lieutenant Cross the lowest one. Bridge equipage, now at White Oak Church, to move up and go into park near Phillip’s house by dark. At midnight trains to move down within 400 yards of river, and to move down and begin unloading a two in the morning. If enemy fire is kept down, bridges to be thrown as soon as are unloaded; if too hot, wait until artillery silences it† The battle opened south of the city at 8:30 a. m. on December 13, when Maj. Gen. William Franklin ordered two of the divisions from the Left Grand Division to maneuver themselves through an unseen gap in Gen Jackson’s defenses on the right and head towards Hamilton’s Crossing. By 10 a. m. , a thick fog began to lift, and the initially sluggish movements picked up speed. Gen Meade’s division of 4,500 men formed the main attack, in direct support of Gen Meade’sthese movements the divisions of Gen Doubleday and Gen Gibbon. The Virginia Horse Artillery under Major John Pelham stalled the attack, and an artillery duel between Pelham and the Union artillery batteries lasted for approximately an hour. MAJ Pelham started his artillery attack with only two cannons—a 12-pounder Napoleon smoothbore and a rifled Blakely—but continued with only one after counter-battery fire disabled one of the cannons. Gen Lee observed the action and commented about Pelham, age 24, â€Å"It is glorious to see such courage in one so young. † As Meade finally made traction, he ran into Brig. Gen. Maxcy Gregg’s brigade, scattering it. Gen Gregg was shot and mortally wounded; he died two days later. To Gen Meade’s right, Gen Gibbon’s attack against the brigades of Brig. Gen. William Dorsey Pender and Edward L. Thomas made good progress, but Gen Meade and Gen Gibbon men became separated; by 1:30 p. m. , a heavy Confederate counterattack pushed them back to the beachhead of the Rappahannock. Because of the foggy conditions, Federal artillery could not provide much assistance because of the inability to discern between Union and Confederate Forces. Driven back and chased by the Confederate infantry, raised some concerns with Gen Burnside, his divisions may be trapped at the river. The Federal line strengthened with addition of Brig. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles and Brig. Gen. David B. Birney divisions, and Stonewall Jackson’s counterattack grounded to a halt. The focus of action moved north to Marye Heights. The initial assaults west of Fredericksburg began at 11 a. . as French’s divisiontwo divisions from Gen Couch’s Corps, Gen French’s division and Gen Hancock’s division, moved along the Plank Road, facing a steep-banked drainage ditch and a wide, open plain of 400 yards (370 m), dominated by Confederate infantry and artillery behind a sunken road and stone wall. Earlier, artillerist Edward Porter Alexander, â€Å"A chicken could not live o n that field when we open on it,† had assured Gen Longstreet. The Union men attacking had to file d into columns over two small bridges across the drainage ditch, making them a massed target. Attempts to shift the attack farther to the right failed because of swampy ground. As in the south, Union artillery was prevented by fog from effectively silencing the Confederate guns as from Stafford Heights Union guns were unable to reach the Confederate positions. Gen Burnside had anticipated this attack on the right would be merely supportive of his main effort on the left, but Franklin had stalled and resisted entreaties to continue, so Gen Burnside shifted his emphasis. After French’s division was repulsed with heavy losses, Gen Burnside sent in the divisions of Gen Hancock and Gen Howard, which met a similar fate. By this time, Gen Pickett’s division and one of Gen Hood’s brigades had marched north to reinforce Marye Heights. Gen Griffin’s division renewed the attack at 3:30 p. m. , followed by Gen Humphrey’s division at 4 p. m. At dusk, Gen Getty’s division assaulted from the east and was repulsed. Gen Burnside sent six Union Divisions in, virtually one brigade at a time, for sixteen individual charges, all of which failed, costing them from 6,000 to 8,000 casualties. Watching the carnage from the center of his line, a position now known as Lee’s Hill, Gen Lee quoted as saying, â€Å"It is well that war is so terrible, or we should grow too fond of it. The action on the heights also included the charge of the Irish Brigade, which lost 50% of its strength in the battle but advanced further up the heights than any other Union Brigade. Confederate losses at Marye Heights totaled around 1,200. The falling of darkness and the pleas of Gen Burnside’ s subordinates were enough to put an end to the attacks. Gen Longstreet later wrote, â€Å"The charges had been desperate and bloody, but utterly hopeless. † Thousands of Union soldiers spent the cold December night on the fields leading to the Heights, unable to move or assist the wounded because of Confederate fire. The armies remained in position throughout the day on December 14, when Gen Burnside briefly considered leading his old IX Corps in one final attack on Marye Heights, but with the suggestions of many of his officers, he reconsidered and abandoned his campaign sending his troops to northern bank of the Rappahannock River. That afternoon, Burnside asked Lee for a truce to attend to his wounded, which Lee graciously granted. The next day the Federal forces retreated across the river, and the campaign ended. SIGNIFICANCE 1. Short Term: The Battle at Fredericksburg clearly showed how disastrous the Union Army Tactics were; President Abraham Lincoln relieved Gen Burnside of command a month after this battle. 2. Long Term: This was a major victory for the Army of Northern Virginia and costly to the Army of the Potomac. Many believe that Gen Lee lost his best chances to destroy the Gen Burnside’s forces at Fredericksburg. Overall, the loss broke the morale of the Army of the Potomac and showed a weakness in the indecisiveness and lack of imagination in part of Gen Burnside. ANALYSIS Gen Burnside failed to achieve the tenant of Initiative and his overall objective of destroying the enemy forces securing the town of Fredericksburg because he violated the Principle of Security and the Battle Operating System of Intelligence. The bulk of his forces fought to cross the river and very few were concerned with providing suppressive fire for the unit crossing. Gen Lee’s forces upon making contact with what he believed to be the enemies fleeing main force at Devil’s Swamp, he committed himself to battle without pausing to use his cavalry to reconnoiter the country. Gen Lee used his CCavalry Troops conducted rereconnaissancecon’d to the east and west of the Rappahannock marshy lowlandsRiver;, an action that gave him an extreme advantage into witnessing the movement of Gen Burnside’s forceswhich might have permitted him to cross unmolested at a point up or downstream from the swamp. Thus, outflanking Culpepper and forcing him to withdraw without an opportunity to spring his cleverly crafted trap. The use of the terrain also gave Gen Lee a clear advantage as the Rappahannock River and extended entrenchments gave Gen Burnside’s forces great difficulty. For his part, Brigadier CulpepperGen Lee effectively adhered to the Principles of Maneuver, Mass, and Economy of Force. Through the Tenant of Synchronization, these factors combined to create the culminating Principle of Surprise. Outnumbered and outgunned, he realized that he could not achieve his objective of ascertaining Morgan’s Gen Burnside’s force and denying it control of the rail and road junction, as well as Yearlingvilletown of Fredericksburg, by engaging in a conventional battle on anything approaching even terms he used unconventional tactics to achieve his goal. He possessed a clear understanding of what he had to accomplish and how he had to do so. He Gen Lee employed Maneuver and Mass of critical combat power at the decisive time and place while making effective use of both the weak and strong points of the units he led. By marring Morgan in the swampsstalling Burnside’s movement across the river, he placed his enemy in a position of disadvantage. He shifted the battle to one where he positioned his massed combat power into a fixed enemy whose only option was to sink and die discontinue its efforts of seizing the town of Fredericksburg and retreat to the north side of the Rappahannock River. Culpepper Gen Lee exercised effective Synchronization and Economy of Force, deftly controlling the movements and fires of the disparate elements of his force in accordance with the elements of an intelligently conceived and workable plan of action in order to bring about the desired combat power at the decisive point. His employment of his cavalry, guerrillas, and militia reflected a thorough thought process of utilizing each element in ana precisely orchestrated maneuver exact orchestration to achieve the desired effect of ousting the Army of the Potomac from the town of Fredericksburg back to the northern banks of the Rappahannock River. uring Morgan’s troops into the killing field of overwhelming force. His exploitation of Union Forces weaknesses in decisive movement and execution of a sound plan display Gen Lee’s his Seminole scouts’ superior knowledge of critical terrain features while denying the enemy the opportunity to effectively reconnoiter the same gro und gave the critical element of Surprise once the battle was opened in accordance with the time, place and circumstances of his own choosing. Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1991 P. 23 Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1991 P. 121 Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1991, P. 122 O’Reilly, Francis Augustin, The Fredericksburg Campaign: Winter War on the Rappahannock, Louisiana State University Press, 2003, P. 148 Goolrick, William K. and the Editors of Time-Life Books, Rebels Resurgent: Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville, Time-Life Books, 1985, P. 87 BIBLIOGRAPHY FM 3-0 Operations. Washington, D. C. : Headquarters Department of the Army, 2001. Goolrick, William K. Rebels Resurgent: Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville. Time-Life Books, 1985. Kennedy, Frances H. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990. Luvaas, Jay and Nelson, Harold W. The U. S. A rmy War College Guides to the Battles of Chancellorsville Fredericksburg. Lawrence: the University Press of Kansas, 1994. Mitchell, Joseph B. Decisive Battles of the Civil War. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1955. O’Reilly, Francis Augustin. The Fredericksburg Campaign: Winter War on the Rappahannock. Louisiana State University Press, 2003. Palfrey, Francis W. The Army in the Civil War: The Antietam Fredericksburg. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1885. Parish, Peter J. The American Civil War. New York: Holmes Meier Publishers, Inc, 1991. Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvannia: Stackpole Books, 1991. How to cite Battle of Frediericksburg Analysis, Papers

Balanced Scorecard of Olam International- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBalanced Scorecard of Olam International. Answer: Olam International is one of the leading agri-business operator and supplies products in some 70 odd countries. There are some 23000 customers which company is serving through means of employee strength of some 70000 people. The company has built leadership position in many fields like cocao, coffee, rice, cotton and cashew. In this assignment we will do assessment of the company based on the balanced scorecard template. It will provide us detail perspective on the company and how it is standing currently. Balanced Scorecard of Olam International Objective Achievement Financial To increase sales growth constantly Revenue for the year 2016 stood at S$20, 587 million compared to S$19052.6 million in 2015. This has been achieved due to higher sales as indicated by the volume sales. This also means that although volumes are rising sharply but revenue is not increasing in that proportion. Company is not able to command higher price which it would use to do previously. To increase Operating profit of the company every year The EBITDA of the company in 2016 stood at S$1202.8 million compared to S$1085.2 in 2015. This marks a jump of 10.8% during the year and is one of the desired objective achieved by the company. Customer Increasing customer base The company now serves 23000 customers which is very high compared to some 21500 it use to serve in 2015. Learning growth To be continuously learning There are many solutions available that provide some form of learning capabilities, but their suitability varies by organization size, geographic presence and industry experience Introducing learning Management System in the company Learning management system (LMS) supports the administration and management of learning programs, such as assessment, records management, provisioning of learning, management of training resources and reporting. Corporate learning suites were originally developed as independent solutions, but either through organic development or acquisitions now are often sold as part of broader HCM or talent management suites. Larger ERP and application vendors have made acquisitions in the past five years to compete more effectively in the learning market. Organization was successful in implementing a learning management system in 2016. Internal Business Process To diversify offering Company has been able to enter new market segments during the year. As seen in the financials of the company it was the growth of Confectionary Beverage Ingredients segment which actually lead to good growth numbers during the year. It was also supported by decent growth in Food Staples Packaged Foods. Vendor Management Software Planning Vendors generally target their solutions at specific market segments, and size of workforce is an important decision criterion. Solutions targeted to large global enterprise clients are unlikely to be a good fit for companies under 100 employees with a presence primarily in a single country, because the processes, implementation and complexity of the software required to scale to such a large size are often more than is needed for smaller organizations. Similarly, a solution well-suited for an organization of 500 employees may be challenged to scale its technology to handle the volumes and processing speeds required of a 20,000-employee organization; scaling such a vendor's sales, support and service organizations would likewise challenge its viability in the larger market References: Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (1995). Putting the balanced scorecard to work.Performance measurement, management, and appraisal sourcebook,66, 17511 Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (1996). Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (1998). Putting the balanced scorecard to work.The Economic Impact of Knowledge, 315-324